Einb\u00fdliskirkjur Lalibela eru undur andhverfu\u2014ristir ni\u00f0ur \u00ed lifandi berg til a\u00f0 skapa helgid\u00f3ma sem vir\u00f0ast r\u00edsa \u00far hjarta jar\u00f0ar. En undir hr\u00edfandi framhli\u00f0um \u00feeirra leynast algeng t\u00e6knileg og hugl\u00e6g mist\u00f6k sem skipuleggjendur, verkfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar og var\u00f0veislufr\u00e6\u00f0ingar endurtaka \u00feegar \u00feeir reyna a\u00f0 endurtaka e\u00f0a rannsaka \u00feessa gl\u00f6tu\u00f0u list. Allt fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 misskilja helgisi\u00f0ar\u00famfr\u00e6\u00f0i til a\u00f0 hunsa vatnsfr\u00e6\u00f0i sem heldur \u00feessum ne\u00f0anjar\u00f0ars\u00f6lum \u00feurrum, geta \u00feessar villur \u00f3gna\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i bur\u00f0arvirki og andlegri t\u00e1knfr\u00e6\u00f0i. \u00deessi grein greinir algengustu gildrurnar vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00e1lgast Lalibela \u00ed E\u00fe\u00ed\u00f3p\u00edu og gl\u00f6tu\u00f0u list einb\u00fdliskirkjunnar\u2014og hvernig \u00e1 a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast \u00fe\u00e6r.<\/p>\n\n
\u00c1\u00f0ur en vi\u00f0 f\u00f6rum \u00ed s\u00e9rt\u00e6kar villur er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 skilja a\u00f0 bygging Lalibela er \u00ed e\u00f0li s\u00ednu fr\u00e1brug\u00f0in vi\u00f0b\u00f3tarsm\u00ed\u00f0i. \u00c1 me\u00f0an hef\u00f0bundin mannvirki stafla efni, fjarl\u00e6gja einb\u00fdliskirkjur \u00fea\u00f0. \u00deessi vi\u00f0sn\u00faningur krefst breytingar \u00e1 hugsunarh\u00e6tti. Margir fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn og \u00e1hugamenn beita ranglega meginreglum p\u00f3sta-og-bj\u00e1lka byggingarlistar \u00e1 fr\u00e1dr\u00e1ttarferli, sem lei\u00f0ir til galla\u00f0ra greininga og villandi var\u00f0veislua\u00f0ger\u00f0a. H\u00e9r a\u00f0 ne\u00f0an eru algengustu mist\u00f6kin sem rekja m\u00e1 \u00e1 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 rannsaka e\u00f0a reyna a\u00f0 endurtaka \u00feessa helgu list.<\/p>\n\n
Villan:<\/strong> A\u00f0 gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 kirkjurnar s\u00e9u einfaldar gryfjur ristar \u00ed h\u00e6\u00f0. \u00cd raun sitja 11 kirkjur Lalibela undir grunnvatnsbor\u00f0i \u00e1 sumum \u00e1rst\u00ed\u00f0um, en \u00fe\u00e6r haldast \u00feurrar. N\u00fat\u00edma arkitektar l\u00edta oft framhj\u00e1 hinum f\u00e1gu\u00f0u fr\u00e1rennslisr\u00e1sum\u2014ne\u00f0anjar\u00f0arg\u00f6ngum og hallandi ni\u00f0urf\u00f6llum\u2014sem beina regnvatni fr\u00e1 helgid\u00f3munum. \u00c1n \u00feeirra ver\u00f0ur hvert bergrist mannvirki a\u00f0 vatnsb\u00f3li, sem ey\u00f0ir steininum og veikir grunninn.<\/p>\n\n Hvernig \u00e1 a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast \u00fea\u00f0:<\/strong> \u00deegar \u00fe\u00fa rannsakar e\u00f0a hannar einb\u00fdliskirkju skaltu alltaf kortleggja upprunalega vatnsstreymi\u00f0. Leita\u00f0u a\u00f0 ristnum r\u00e1sum, falinni sorpl\u00f6gnum og ytri skur\u00f0um. Fr\u00e1rennsliskerfi\u00f0 er ekki eftir\u00e1hyggja\u2014\u00fea\u00f0 er fyrsta atri\u00f0i\u00f0 sem ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 leysa \u00e1\u00f0ur en einn r\u00fammetri af bergi er fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0ur.<\/p>\n\n Villan:<\/strong> A\u00f0 me\u00f0h\u00f6ndla grunnplani\u00f0 sem handah\u00f3fskennt e\u00f0a eing\u00f6ngu fagurfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt. S\u00e9rhver kirkja \u00ed Lalibela fylgir n\u00e1kv\u00e6mri r\u00famfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegri tengsl vi\u00f0 himinhringr\u00e1sir\u2014stefnu altarisins, horn kirkjuskipisins, sta\u00f0setningu glugga fyrir s\u00f3lst\u00f6\u00f0ulj\u00f3s. Margar n\u00fat\u00edmager\u00f0ir missa af \u00feessum stefnum, sem sviptir r\u00fdmi\u00f0 upprunalegri helgisi\u00f0avirkni \u00feess.<\/p>\n\n Hvernig \u00e1 a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast \u00fea\u00f0:<\/strong> \u00c1\u00f0ur en \u00fe\u00fa ristir skaltu rannsaka helgisi\u00f0adagatal E\u00fe\u00ed\u00f3p\u00edukirkjunnar og s\u00f3lst\u00f6\u00f0ur \u00e1 vi\u00f0komandi breiddargr\u00e1\u00f0u. Nota\u00f0u s\u00f3lhorfa e\u00f0a stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0iforrit til a\u00f0 \u00e1kvar\u00f0a n\u00e1kv\u00e6mt horn a\u00f0al\u00e1ssins. R\u00famfr\u00e6\u00f0in er ekki skreyting; h\u00fan er br\u00fain milli samf\u00e9lagsins og hins gu\u00f0d\u00f3mlega.<\/p>\n\n Villan:<\/strong> A\u00f0 byrja uppgr\u00f6ft \u00e1 g\u00f3lfplani e\u00f0a rista innri skilveggi fyrst. \u00cd einb\u00fdlissm\u00ed\u00f0i ver\u00f0ur r\u00f6\u00f0in a\u00f0 vera a\u00f0 ofan-ni\u00f0ur: \u00feak, efri veggir, gluggar, ne\u00f0ri veggir, s\u00ed\u00f0an g\u00f3lf. A\u00f0 sn\u00faa r\u00f6\u00f0inni vi\u00f0 \u00e1 h\u00e6ttu \u00e1 h\u00f6rmulegu hruni, \u00fear sem efri bergmassinn hefur engan stu\u00f0ning vi\u00f0 fyrstu skur\u00f0i. S\u00f6gulegar heimildir benda til a\u00f0 Steinmyndarar Lalibela byrju\u00f0u \u00e1 a\u00f0 teikna alla kirkjuna \u00e1 yfirbor\u00f0inu \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00feeir f\u00f3ru ni\u00f0ur.<\/p>\n\n Hvernig \u00e1 a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast \u00fea\u00f0:<\/strong> B\u00fa\u00f0u til l\u00f3\u00f0r\u00e9tta skur\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00e6tlun sem s\u00fdnir hvert d\u00fdptarstig. Fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0u a\u00f0eins berg eftir a\u00f0 lagi\u00f0 fyrir ofan er fullm\u00f3ta\u00f0. \u00deetta \u00e1 vi\u00f0 hvort sem \u00fe\u00fa byggir l\u00edkamlega hlutskala e\u00f0a stafr\u00e6na endurger\u00f0. \u00d6ryggi og n\u00e1kv\u00e6mni byggjast \u00e1 aga\u00f0ri r\u00f6\u00f0un.<\/p>\n\n Villan:<\/strong> A\u00f0 mistakast a\u00f0 a\u00f0skilja kirkjuna fr\u00e1 umlykjandi berggrunni. Einb\u00fdlist\u00e6knin krefst skur\u00f0a e\u00f0a bila \u00ed kringum allan ja\u00f0arinn til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir sprungur vegna hitauppstreymis, jar\u00f0skj\u00e1lftahreyfinga e\u00f0a grunnvatns\u00fer\u00fdstings. Margir \u00e1hugamannavinir hafa \u00f3vart skemmt kirkjur me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fylla \u00feessi einangrunarbil me\u00f0 n\u00fat\u00edma steypu, sem l\u00e6sir bergmassanum vi\u00f0 j\u00f6r\u00f0ina.<\/p>\n\n Hvernig \u00e1 a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast \u00fea\u00f0:<\/strong> Haltu a\u00f0 minnsta kosti 30\u201350 cm bili milli kirkjuveggjanna og n\u00e6turbergsins. \u00deetta bil ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 halda t\u00f3mu e\u00f0a fylla me\u00f0 fr\u00e1rennslisefni eins og mulinn stein\u2014aldrei solidri steypu. Einangrunarskur\u00f0urinn er \u00f6ndunarkerfi kirkjunnar, sem leyfir henni a\u00f0 anda og hreyfast me\u00f0 j\u00f6r\u00f0inni.<\/p>\n\n Lestu meira \u00e1 Arkitekt\u00far og s\u00f6gu<\/a><\/mark><\/strong>, Steinsm\u00ed\u00f0i \u00fevert \u00e1 si\u00f0menningar<\/a><\/mark><\/strong> og Verkfr\u00e6\u00f0i og andleg \u00ed fornmannvirkjum<\/a><\/mark><\/strong>. Kanna\u00f0u stofuinnr\u00e9ttingar<\/a><\/mark><\/strong>, s\u00f3fum<\/a><\/mark><\/strong> og h\u00e6gindast\u00f3lum<\/a><\/mark><\/strong>. Powered by CCombox<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nA\u00f0 l\u00edta framhj\u00e1 helgisi\u00f0ar\u00famfr\u00e6\u00f0inni<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n
A\u00f0 misskilja a\u00f0 ofan-ni\u00f0ur r\u00f6\u00f0ina<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n
A\u00f0 vanr\u00e6kja bur\u00f0arverjun<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n
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Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a<\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n
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