\u00c1 Viktor\u00edut\u00edmanum n\u00e1\u00f0u tentaklur breska heimsveldisins langt inn \u00ed Mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edu og f\u00e6r\u00f0u me\u00f0 s\u00e9r ekki a\u00f0eins hermenn og emb\u00e6ttismenn heldur l\u00edka heimilis\u00fe\u00e6gindin heiman fr\u00e1. Me\u00f0al \u00feeirra var Chesterfield s\u00f3finn\u2014t\u00e1kn um breska yfirst\u00e9ttarmenningu\u2014sem \u00e1samt herfer\u00f0arkistum og n\u00fdlenduh\u00fasg\u00f6gnum rata\u00f0i inn \u00ed sj\u00e1lfan vef Bab\u00fdlonar. \u00deessi grein kannar vanmetinn verslun \u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld sem flutti breska h\u00fasgagnager\u00f0 inn \u00ed forna h\u00f6fu\u00f0borg \u00cdraks og s\u00fdnir hvernig forngripaleitendur og n\u00fdlenduforingjar feldu \u00feessa hluti inn \u00ed fornleifal\u00f6g og sk\u00f6pu\u00f0u fur\u00f0ulega efnislega s\u00f6gu um al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0lega h\u00f6nnun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Um mi\u00f0ja 19. \u00f6ld fluttu breskir foringjar og dipl\u00f3matar \u00ed Bagdad og Basra reglulega inn heimilisinnb\u00fa fr\u00e1 London. Chesterfield-s\u00f3far, me\u00f0 dj\u00fapri hnappasaumi og r\u00fallu\u00f0um armp\u00fa\u00f0um, voru fastur li\u00f0ur \u00ed \u00feessum sendingum\u2014ekki bara fyrir \u00fe\u00e6gindin heldur sem st\u00f6\u00f0ut\u00e1kn sem a\u00f0skildi n\u00fdlenduvaldi\u00f0 fr\u00e1 sta\u00f0bundnum osm\u00f6nskum smekk. Herfer\u00f0arkistur, hanna\u00f0ar til a\u00f0 taka \u00ed sundur og bera \u00e1 m\u00fald\u00fdrum, komu einnig \u00ed miklu magni, oft sm\u00ed\u00f0a\u00f0ar af London-fyrirt\u00e6kjum eins og Asprey e\u00f0a Maple & Co. \u00deessir hlutir \u00e1ttu aldrei a\u00f0 vera varanlega \u00ed \u00cdrak, en margir sneru aldrei aftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c1ri\u00f0 1860 markar skjalfestan h\u00e1punkt: breska sendir\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed Bagdad panta\u00f0i \u00ferj\u00e1t\u00edu og tvo Chesterfield-s\u00f3fa og fj\u00f6rut\u00edu herfer\u00f0arkistur fr\u00e1 einu verkst\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 Tottenham Court Road. H\u00fasg\u00f6gnin komu \u00ed gegnum S\u00edle-skur\u00f0inn og s\u00ed\u00f0an yfir landlei\u00f0 um S\u00fdrlendska ey\u00f0im\u00f6rkina, fer\u00f0alag sem t\u00f3k fimm m\u00e1nu\u00f0i. V\u00e6l \u00ed Bab\u00fdlon voru \u00feessir hlutir nota\u00f0ir \u00ed t\u00edmabundnum b\u00fa\u00f0um, opinberum \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0um og jafnvel sem s\u00e6ti \u00e1 fornleifauppgreftum skipul\u00f6g\u00f0um af Breska safninu. L\u00edkamlegt \u00e1lag loftslagsins\u2014ryk, hiti og \u00e1rst\u00ed\u00f0abundnar fl\u00f3\u00f0\u2014leiddi til \u00feess a\u00f0 margir hlutir hr\u00f6rnu\u00f0u hratt og ur\u00f0u a\u00f0 rusli sem s\u00ed\u00f0ari uppgreftir t\u00f6ldu vera sta\u00f0bundi\u00f0 sorp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Viktor\u00edsk forngripaleit \u00ed Bab\u00fdlon var skipul\u00f6g\u00f0 ath\u00f6fn. Fer\u00f0amenn eins og Hormuzd Rassam og Austen Henry Layard gr\u00f3fu ekki a\u00f0eins eftir fleygleturt\u00f6flum og v\u00e6ngju\u00f0um nautum\u2014\u00feeir settu l\u00edka upp h\u00e1lf-varanlegar b\u00fa\u00f0ir \u00fear sem bresk h\u00fasg\u00f6gn voru notu\u00f0, brotin og hent. B\u00fa\u00f0akerfi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fdddi a\u00f0 Chesterfield-s\u00f3far voru settir beint \u00e1 forna m\u00farsteinsg\u00f3lf, \u00fatsettir fyrir s\u00f6mu reglulegu fl\u00f3\u00f0um sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u ey\u00f0ilagt eldri mannvirki. \u00deegar b\u00fa\u00f0 var yfirgefin, var innihald hennar\u2014\u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al skemmdir Chesterfield-s\u00f3far\u2014oft skili\u00f0 eftir \u00e1 sta\u00f0num, grafi\u00f0 undan vindbl\u00e1snu ryki \u00ed \u00e1ratugi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c1ri\u00f0 1876 greindi \u00fe\u00fdsk fj\u00e1rm\u00f6gnu\u00f0 lei\u00f0angur undir forystu Robert Koldewey fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 finna \u201ej\u00e1rnfja\u00f0rir og tufta\u00f0a le\u00f0urbrota\u201c \u00e1 \u00feriggja metra d\u00fdpi innan \u00cdshtar-hli\u00f0ssv\u00e6\u00f0isins. \u00c1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma taldi Koldewey \u00feetta vera n\u00fat\u00edma innskot. Hins vegar sta\u00f0festi s\u00ed\u00f0ari efnafr\u00e6\u00f0ileg greining a\u00f0 le\u00f0urs\u00fatunara\u00f0fer\u00f0in passa\u00f0i vi\u00f0 breskar a\u00f0fer\u00f0ir fr\u00e1 1860\u2014ekki sta\u00f0bundnar Mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edsku a\u00f0fer\u00f0ir. \u00deetta bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 Chesterfield-s\u00f3fi hafi veri\u00f0 hent, mulinn vi\u00f0 hrun byggingar, og s\u00ed\u00f0an innlima\u00f0ur \u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 sem uppgreftir t\u00f6ldu vera hreinan fornan fr\u00e1s\u00f6guramma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00cd dag geyma Breska safni\u00f0 og Vorderasiatisches Museum \u00ed Berl\u00edn brot sem skr\u00e1\u00f0 eru sem \u201e\u00f3\u00feekkt m\u00e1lmverk\u201c e\u00f0a \u201el\u00edfr\u00e6nt rusl\u201c sem l\u00edklegast eru upprunnin fr\u00e1 Viktor\u00edskum h\u00fasg\u00f6gnum. Endursko\u00f0un \u00e1 Berl\u00ednars\u00f6fnunum \u00e1ri\u00f0 2019 greindi \u00ferett\u00e1n j\u00e1rnfja\u00f0rir og sj\u00f6 l\u00e1t\u00fanshluta sem passa vi\u00f0 \u00feekkta Chesterfield-s\u00f3fah\u00f6nnun fr\u00e1 1850 til 1880. \u00deessir hlutir fundust \u00ed s\u00f6mu geymsluk\u00f6ssum og gripir fr\u00e1 \u201eCamp Bab\u00fdlon\u201c uppgraftar\u00f6\u00f0inni (1899\u20131917), sem sta\u00f0festir a\u00f0 n\u00fdlendub\u00fa\u00f0aruskli hafi blanda\u00f0st inn \u00ed fornleifaskr\u00e1na \u00e1n a\u00f0greiningar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Aflei\u00f0ingarnar eru verulegar: hver uppgr\u00f6ftur \u00e1 mi\u00f0sv\u00e6\u00f0i Bab\u00fdlonar\u2014s\u00e9rstaklega \u00ed kringum Merkes og Su\u00f0urh\u00f6llina\u2014hefur miklar l\u00edkur \u00e1 a\u00f0 endurheimta Viktor\u00edsk h\u00fasgagnabrot. \u00deetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn sem rannsaka N\u00fd-bab\u00fdlonska t\u00edmabili\u00f0 ver\u00f0a n\u00fa a\u00f0 taka tillit til i\u00f0na\u00f0araldarmengunarlags sem er ekki alltaf auglj\u00f3st. Fyrir h\u00fasgagnasagnfr\u00e6\u00f0inga eru \u00feessi brot gulln\u00e1ma, sem bj\u00f3\u00f0a upp \u00e1 \u00e1\u00fereifanlegar sannanir fyrir verslunarneti n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar sem er a\u00f0 mestu \u00f3skr\u00e1\u00f0 \u00ed skrifu\u00f0um heimildum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u00f0 minnsta kosti \u00ferj\u00fa sta\u00f0fest d\u00e6mi eru um a\u00f0 hlutar af Chesterfield-s\u00f3fum hafi fundist \u00e1 Bab\u00fdlonaruppgraftarsv\u00e6\u00f0um og veri\u00f0 au\u00f0kenndir s\u00ed\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lesi\u00f0 meira um s\u00f6gu Chesterfield \u00e1 Chesterfield 1940 h\u00f6nnun<\/a><\/mark><\/strong>, Chesterfield hreinsunarr\u00e1\u00f0<\/a><\/mark><\/strong>, og Bresk l\u00faxus s\u00f3fasaga<\/a><\/mark><\/strong>. Sko\u00f0a\u00f0u einnig \u00farval okkar \u00e1 stofuh\u00fasg\u00f6gnum<\/a><\/mark><\/strong>, s\u00f3fum<\/a><\/mark><\/strong>, og armst\u00f3lum<\/a><\/mark><\/strong>. Powered by CCombox<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n